Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders

Originally developed as an antihypertensive medication, Minoxidil's intriguing discovery of its side effect, hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth), paved the way for the creation of a topical formulation aimed at stimulating hair growth. Over time, topical Minoxidil has become the go-to treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and is often employed off-label for other hair loss conditions. It has earned FDA approval specifically for AGA treatment.
This medication exerts its effects on follicular cells by promoting hair growth and curbing hair loss. However, if the treatment is discontinued, progressive hair loss typically ensues within 12 to 24 weeks. A newer alternative, the minoxidil sulfate-based solution (MXS), has gained popularity due to its status as an active metabolite of Minoxidil. Studies have demonstrated that MXS exhibits greater efficacy than the conventional formula. Notably, it may serve as a viable option for patients with low minoxidil sulfotransferase activity. Despite its benefits, the most common side effect associated with this medication is irritant contact dermatitis. Typical symptoms include itching and scaling, which can pose a challenge for some individuals.