Melanoma - Epidemiology and Sun Exposure

According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 65,161 individuals worldwide succumb to sun overexposure each year. Sun exposure holds the distinction of being the most significant environmental factor contributing to the development of skin cancer, with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) being the specific wavelength linked to the occurrence of this ailment. The incidence of melanoma, a type of skin cancer, exhibits variations based on gender, with differences in the anatomical location of melanoma also being associated with this factor. Notably, adolescent and young adult women experience a higher incidence compared to men. This discrepancy can be partly attributed to the greater usage of sunbeds and intentional sun exposure among girls, along with overall riskier behaviors in pursuit of a suntan.
An article published in the journal Acta Dermato-Venereologica suggests that pigmentation characteristics, including skin color, hair and eye color, freckles, and the presence of common and atypical naevi, do influence susceptibility to melanoma. Despite this, prevention recommendations should extend to the entire population and encompass practices such as avoiding sunbeds, covering sun-exposed skin, and wearing hats and sunglasses. Regarding the efficacy of sunscreen in preventing melanoma, there is currently no high-quality experimental evidence available. Nevertheless, it remains crucial for patients and consumers to continue protecting their skin until more robust evidence emerges.