Digital eye epidemic: the health crisis of computer vision syndrome

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) has become an increasingly prevalent public health concern in today's digitally dominated world. This condition, often referred to as digital eye strain, is associated with prolonged use of computers, smartphones, and other visual display terminals. Symptoms of CVS include a combination of visual disturbances, such as blurred vision and diplopia, ocular issues like dryness and irritation, and extraocular complaints, including headaches, neck, and shoulder pain. This rise in digital device usage across all age groups, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has exacerbated these issues, with studies showing a pooled prevalence of CVS at 66% globally.

The systematic review and meta-analysis, which pooled data from 49 studies involving over 23,000 participants, revealed several key risk factors associated with CVS. Females were found to have a 74% higher risk of developing CVS compared to males, and improper posture while using electronic devices increased the odds of CVS by 2.65 times. Additionally, extended use of electronic devices outside of work hours and lack of regular breaks were also identified as significant contributors. Factors such as prolonged exposure to visual display terminals, short screen viewing distances, and poor ergonomic practices were consistently linked to a higher incidence of CVS.

In light of these findings, the importance of raising awareness about proper ergonomics, regular breaks, and appropriate screen distance cannot be overstated. The study highlights the critical need for preventive strategies and education to mitigate the widespread effects of CVS, particularly as digital device usage continues to grow in both developed and developing nations.