Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement

In 1733, Stephen Hales from England, achieved the pioneering act of measuring blood pressure (BP) by inserting a glass tube into an artery of a horse. Since then, advancements in technology, particularly the widespread availability of smartphones embedded with sensors and wearable sensing devices, have substantially broadened the horizons in this field.
A recent publication in the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering delves into the array of traditional BP measurement techniques and explores various noninvasive methods aimed at addressing significant clinical challenges. Among the five conventional BP measurement methods, catheterization, auscultation, oscillometry, volume clamping, and tonometry stand out. On the other hand, noninvasive methods estimate BP rather than directly measuring it, raising concerns about their accuracy, although their precision is rarely doubted. The evolution of fundamental technologies like miniaturization, wireless communication, and pervasive computing has led to a transformation in traditional cardiovascular sensing techniques. Both calibrated and uncalibrated methods have emerged in recent years. The first one encompasses pulse transit time, pulse wave analysis, and facial video processing, while the second includes finger oscillometry (pressure application), ultrasound, and volume control. For further details, find more information via the provided link!